HIV Aids Diagnostic Tests and Symptoms

Before cancer became the threat that it is today, HIV was the most dreaded disease of all times and still is. Today, it is no doubt that there has been an increase in lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and cancer, and that has somehow sidelined the fact that HIV is still a killer disease as well. Most people are not taking the necessary precautions to counter HIV infections. An infected person may not even be aware that they are carrying the virus, until they start showing some obvious symptoms that will make them go for a test only to find out that they have been carrying the virus for a certain period of time. Others may be very much aware that they have contracted the virus, but opt to live in denial for various reasons such as stigmatization or regret. 

Whatever reason could be preventing anyone from taking a HIV test; it remains as the only sure way of knowing if you have an infection or not. It is also the only way to ensure that unaware people are not becoming victims of the virus.  That is why it is always advisable to mind about your health and that of others and take a HIV Test regularly especially for the people who are sexually active and drug users who inject drugs by sharing needles and syringes. Other causes leading to the HIV infection could be mother to child during birth, blood transfusion, and sharing personal items such as needles and razorblades. 

HIV Blood Test

Some people are good at insinuating about what other people could be suffering from. In most cases, HIV instances are the most common because the symptoms tend to be loud. However, an HIV test is the only option that can accurately reveal whether someone is infected with the virus or not. There are various HIV tests with different window period (time between HIV infection and HIV detection). These are three main types of HIV tests;

• Antibody test: This test checks for HIV antibodies (disease fighting proteins which respond to HIV infection) in blood and other body fluids such as mouth fluids. The window period for this test is mostly between 3 to 12 weeks from the time of HIV infection.
• Combination(antibody and antigen) tests:In this HIV Blood test, both HIV antibodies and antigens are detected within a window period that runs from 2 to 6 weeks from the day of infection. 
• Nucleic acid tests: This test detects HIV infection in blood for about a period of 7 to 28 days after infection. 

As far as HIV testing is concerned, it is important that there are also rapid HIV tests that produce results almost instantly. For those fearing or not courageous enough to go for HIV testing, there are also home tests kits for that purpose. 

HIV Symptoms

HIV symptoms show depending on the infection stage.

• First Stage: During this stage, not many are even aware that they have contracted the infection. That is why most symptoms in this stage are easily confused with other common diseases symptoms. These symptoms include;

1. Headache
2. Fatigue
3. Nausea and vomiting
4. Sore throat
5. Diarrhea
6. Red rashes
7. Aching joints and muscles

• Second Stage: In this stage, the symptoms of the first stage are gone and people can easily infect others with the virus since there are no notable symptoms to show that someone is sick. The immune system is destroyed slowly therefore making the body more vulnerable to other illnesses. 
• Third Stage: This is the advanced stage of HIV infection whereby the immune system is at its weakest moments. The following are the symptoms that are associated with this stage

1. Sweating profusely especially at night
2. Endless fatigue
3. Weight loss
4. Severe diarrhea
5. Bleeding
6. Continuous Fever
7. Spotty skin
8. Yeast infections in the mouth or around the vagina
9. Swollen nodes in the neck region or the groin
10. Running out of breath

Last but not least, an HIV Test is the only way to counter HIV virus extremeness. Early diagnosis and treatment can guarantee someone a long and health life.

Trusted Results for Liver Tests to Weed out Problems

Today, with the number of risks to our body increasing steadily, one requires a quality assurance when the various functionality of our body is tested. The tests that we endure are just the first step. The test results have the potential to change the entire course of our life. One cannot endure any mistakes in these tests. One should go to a trusted and reputable diagnostic laboratory to find out what is actually happening in the face of uncertainty.

Many diagnostic laboratories in India have now spread its roots globally. The state of the art equipment makes sure that there is no margin left for errors. A large number of centres across the country makes it convenient for all kinds of tests for the people who are unable to travel.

Liver function blood tests are a series of tests which measure the state of a person’s liver. The tests mainly measure the functionality and integrity of the liver. The Liver blood tests can help to diagnose the following: 

• Liver diseases – There are different types of liver diseases some of which are hereditary. The liver function blood test can help to identify the presence of the different types of these diseases in the early stages itself when there are no symptoms. Detection of the liver diseases in the early stage means that there is a very good possibility of cure and control.
• Liver disorders – A simple liver blood test can help to identify different types of liver disorders. Many people where there are chances of inheriting liver disorders get the liver function blood test done periodically to manage the onset of liver disorders. 
• Liver damage – The liver blood tests help to measure the amount of liver damage induced which is very important with the treatment plan.

The liver function blood test is a standard liver panel which measure the following:

• Total bilirubin
• Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase 
• AST/ALT ratio
• Aspartate transaminase
• Albumin
• Alkaline phosphatase
• Alanine transaminase

The liver blood tests which measure the above mentioned parameters help in identifying the various liver disorders.  Other than this standard liver panel, when doctors require specialized measure of other parameters of the liver, these are required to eliminate specific liver diseases. Some of them are

• Nucleotidase
• Lactate dehyogenase
• Serum glucose
• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
• Coagulation test
• Ceruloplasmin

To catch the live disorders as early as possible is very important. Some of the symptoms that one should not ignore in case of liver disorders are

• Pale stools – Pale stools happen when a particular element stercobilin is not present in the stool. It is derived from bilirubin is very important for the functionality of the liver.
• Dark urine  - The colour change of urine happens when bilirubin gets mixed with urine
• Jaundice – This is a very common disease where bilirubin gets deposited in skin and the patient experiences severe itching. 
• Itching - Itching which is dismissed by many is one of the most common complaint with people who have to deal with various levels of liver failure. It normally goes away with medicines.
• Swelling – swelling in various parts such as the ankles, abdomen and feet can occur when albumin is not produced by liver.  
• Fatigue - Excessive fatigue can occur when the liver functionality decreases since there is a general loss of Vitamins, nutrients and minerals.
• Bruising – Easy bleeding and bruising are another strong indication of some problem in liver. The liver makes a substance which helps in preventing bleeding. 
• Pain in the upper right quant can also be an indication of liver diseases. 

During such times, a trusted liver blood test can help in the correct liver treatment. 

Kidney Function Test: What You Need to Know

Kidney plays a huge role in keeping patients’ overall health condition. Yet, the most critical role of kidney is filtering different waste materials coming from the blood and release it out of the body through urine. The kidney is also responsible for controlling the level of water and other minerals in the human’s body.

They are also needed in the production of:

• Red blood cells
• Vitamin D
• Hormones that control blood pressure

In the event that your doctor notices abnormality on how your kidney functions, he or she will order kidney function test. The simple urine and blood testing can pinpoint problems in your kidney. This may also be required if the patient has other conditions affecting his or her kidneys, like escalating blood pressure and diabetes.

There are different symptoms, when a doctor may order kidney blood test or function test. And these are:

• There is a blood in patient’s urine
• Fluctuating blood pressure
• Frequent need to urinate
• Difficulty starting urination
• There is a pain when urinating
• There is a swelling on either hands or feet or both because of fluid build-up in a patient’s body

If a patient experiences just one of the above, it might not automatically means the case is serious. But, when problem is persistent and simultaneous, it can be a sign that kidney is not functioning right. And this is where blood test for kidney function and kidney function test comes to play.

Types of tests

To test the function of the kidney, Urinalysis, Serum Creatinine Test and Blood Urine Nitrogen or BUN may be ordered.

Urinalysis

This will screen whether there is blood and protein in the patient’s urine. Although, not all the time presence of protein in urine means kidney problem as there are other reasons why this may occur.

Serum creatinine test

This type of kidney blood test checks whether there is creatinine building up in the patient’s blood The kidney should filter completely the creatinine from the human’s blood, hence when creatinine is high, kidney problem is possible.

BUN (Blood Urine Nitrogen)

This blood test measures the consistency of nitrogen to the human’s blood. Although not all increased BUN test result means kidney damage, as large intakes of aspirin and other antibiotics can contribute to its elevation. It is necessary that the patient tells his or her doctor about the medication he or she is taking to filter results.

Normal level should be between seven and twenty mg/dL. Higher result may suggest different health issues.

Consulting a professional doctor is necessary to ensure proper diagnosis will be done to your kidney. If diagnosis is done wrongfully, you will have no chance of treating the kidney issue properly.

The Symptoms of Viral Infection

There are many symptoms of viral infection. Hence someone should watch out for these symptoms closely to ensure it will be treated before it gets too late. Below are the usual symptoms of viral infection:

• Feeling of confusion
• Usual feeling of sleepiness
• Paralysis of the limbs
• Difference in the bowel function
• Impaired bladder
• Loss of different sensations
• Seizures
• Stiffness in the neck area
• Chills
• Usual muscle aches
• Vomiting and nausea
• Skin rashes
• Runny nose
• Coughing
• Series of abdominal pains
• Sore throat
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Fatigue or tiredness
• High fever

It is an important note that not all people who are experiencing the symptoms stated above should seek immediate medical treatment. Although, if you want to make sure, you are free to consult a physician. Needless to say, if any of the symptoms are just in the mildest level, it is recommended that you wait for few days and let the sickness disappear on its own. The body has its own defence mechanism that can destroy the virus and let the signs fade away. 

When is it serious?

It is a known fact that every individual has experienced a bad cold or flu at least twice in their entire lifetime, unless one is superbly or extremely healthy. Considering the fact, will make you believe that viral infection is not a serious case that you should worry about. But, if the infection is worse, you have to seek for medical attention immediately as it may cause larger problems if left unattended. 

Some of the signs that the viral infection is serious are:

• Breathlessness
• Persistent high fever that is not healing within five days
• Symptoms that are lasting for seven days or more
• There are new spots or reddish rashes on the body

Usual cure to viral infection

When the infection is caused by any viruses, it may be harder to treat as these viruses are already existent in the human body. Hence they are most of the time immunized and protected from medicines available in the market. 

Although there are basic things a patient experiencing this condition should take in consideration:

• Eating light food
• Take enough rest
• Make sure that body is always well hydrated
• Keep hands clean all the time to avoid infection from spreading to other people

Bacterial infections can be treated by antibiotics or medicines, while viral infection need either taking of antiviral drug or vaccinations to stop them from spreading.

Vaccination is the cheapest way for a person to stop virus leading infections. They are available in many forms like for measles, rubella, mumps, polio and a lot more.  

Leukemia Test – A Smart Way to Detect Blood Cancer

A Leukemia test is typically done to diagnose blood cancer. Leukemia is increasingly becoming one of the most common types of cancer that is affecting the lives of millions across the globe. The cancer type is quite fatal in nature and treating it an early stage is the only way to present a person from losing his/her life.

Types of Leukemia

Typically, there are four different types of leukemia:-

• Acute Myeloid Leukemia- It mostly affects adults and men rather than children and women. It develops at a very fast pace generally from a fever and breathing problems. Chemotherapy and bone marrow are the two treatment options.
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia- Gene mutation is what causes this disease to cause cancer in adults. Gleevec is the type of therapy targeted towards the patients. 
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia-The young population is generally seen to be affected by this third type of leukemia. It also affects adults but only after the age of 65 years. 
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia- The last subtype is seen in adult men and not in women or children. The patients have a 5% survival rate after the treatment. 

Tests for Leukemia

There are 3 types of tests which aid in detecting and diagnosing leukemia. They are as follows-:

• Physical Test- Doctors checks for pale skin, swelled lymph nodes and liver or spleen enlargement. 
• Blood Tests- They are generally the first and the foremost ways to test whether a person has signs of leukemia or not. 
• Bone Marrow Test- The most painful is the third type of test. A small piece of bone marrow is removed from the patient's hipbone using a needle. 

X-rays, CT Scans, Lumbar Puncture, Brain MRI and biopsy are other leukemia test done to check for the presence of blood cancer.

Treatment Procedures

The type of leukemia the patient suffers from also determines the type of treatment therapies and procedures he/she would go through. The top 5 methods to kick the leukemia out of the patient's body are-:

• Chemotherapy- Painful but effective is what chemotherapy is all about. Injections or pills are given in this procedure. Starting from being easy it is intensified as the procedure ends. 
• Radiation therapy- X-rays or other high-power rays are used to vandalize the leukemia cells. 
• Biological therapy- Treatments to attack the leukemia cells by making the immune system recognize them is the main step. 
• Targeted therapy- As the name suggests, this therapy targets specific areas with drugs and medicines to flush the leukemia cells out of the body.
• Stem Cell Transplant- Replacement of affected bone marrow with a new one is done after intensive chemo and radiation therapies. 

Leukemia is a very dangerous disease and as soon as your body starts showing signs and symptoms of leukemia, don’t hold yourself back from getting tested and treated. Delay in getting treated can cost you your life. 

5 Unknown Benefits of an EEG Test Procedure

Electroencephalogram, or otherwise known as EEG test is a common procedure recommended by physicians for monitoring the electrical signals of the brain. In other words, it’s a simple way to check the communication channel of the brain with the rest of the body, and checking for the presence of tumors or diagnosing seizures, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other related mental conditions. 

Below-mentioned are the benefits of an EEG test procedure.

For the Detection of ADHD 

A common disorder found in children. Many pieces of research confirm that poor behavioral disorder and attention deficits are linked to changes in the brain’s functionality pattern. An EEG test here helps a physician in evaluating the frequency of these changes and finding solutions to normalize them. 

For Significantly improving Impulsivity 

EEG test procedure plays a vital role in improving impulsivity, which comes hand-in-hand with violent behavior. In addition to this, biofeedback and neurofeedback obtained through an EEG test procedure help in treating a number of behavioral disorders. 

For Treating Learning Disabilities 

Over the years, EEG has proven its effectiveness in the treatment of a number of mental disorders wherein an individual’s brain performs limited functions only. Common related disorders include learning inability, frequent migraines, chronic pain, sleep disorder and more. 

For Controlling Physiological Function 

An EEG biofeedback test procedure primarily allows a person to access a better control on his/her biological or physiological functions. This, in other words, means, the therapy aims to improve the brain’s connection with the rest of the body and gain a proper sense of awareness about everything that surrounds it. An EEG test procedure stimulates the brain to process information and clear clogged thoughts.

For Improving Memory 

Another proven advantage of this test is that it effectively helps in improving memory and accelerating learning skills of an individual. It also aids in improving one’s sleeping pattern and enhancing their brain’s overall development. 

Risks Involved

Unlike many brain and heart-related procedures, there are no risks attached to an EEG test. The test is safe and painless. Certain EEG procedures do not include light or any other stimulus. If in case no abnormalities surface during the test, stimuli such as strobe lights or rapid breathing are added to make the abnormalities show up. 

The only downside of an EEG test procedure is that it’s not completely accurate in nature. Its success is widely restricted to certain parts of the brain only. In other parts, it may or may not showcase results as expected.

Know Everything About CNS Lab Test and It’s Types

Central Nervous System, also abbreviated as CNS, is a part of the nervous system of our body consisting of the brain and spinal cord. A CNS disorder can either affect the spinal cord or brain and results in psychiatric or neurological problems especially in children. Some of the primary causes of CNS diseases that majorly affect children include trauma, degeneration, autoimmune disorders, infections, structural defects, tumours and strokes. Evaluating and diagnosing nervous system problems are very complicated in nature. Therefore, if your child is suffering from any of the above-mentioned neurological problems, it is highly advised to get a proper CNS lab test done at the earliest in order to avoid future complications.

Types of Neurological Tests 

The prominent types of neurological tests that are helpful in diagnosing and evaluating the CNS problems in both children and adults include –

Computed Tomography Scan – Also known as CT scan, this imaging technique is a type of CNS lab test that uses X-rays and computer technology to make scanned images of the brain and spinal cord. It can be performed quickly, as children can undergo this scanning process without any sedation. 

Electroencephalogram (EEG) – This CNS lab test procedure primarily records the continuous electrical activity of the brain with the help of electrodes attached to the scalp.

Electro diagnostic Tests - It includes electromyography and nerve conduction velocity. These studies basically help to evaluate and diagnose the muscles, nerves, and other motor neuron problems. It cannot be performed on those children who have metals attached to any parts of the body, such as, certain types of dental appliances or braces. 

Positron Emission Tomography scan (PET) – It is a computer-based imaging test that provides an image of the brain’s activities rather than showing its structure. The procedure is performed by measuring the level of an injected substance by using a tracer molecule known as glucose. 

Cerebral Spinal fluid analysis – It is also known as Spinal Tap or Lumbar Puncture. In this, a sample of Cerebrospinal fluid is withdrawn from the spinal cord for further examination. 

Neurosonography – This type of CNS lab test uses ultra-high frequency sound waves and evaluates the structure of the nervous system. It examines the structure of the brain, spinal cord, and other related structures. 

Ultrasound – Ultrasound, otherwise also known as Ultrasonography or USG, uses high-frequency sound waves and produces the images of nerve tissues, vessels, and organs. Ultrasound is performed to examine the functioning of the internal organs of the body and assess the flow of blood through various vessels present in the nervous system.